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Germ cell tumor

MedGen UID:
60030
•Concept ID:
C0205851
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Germ Cell Neoplasms; Germ Cell Tumor; Germ Cell Tumors; Neoplasms, Germ Cell; Tumor, Germ Cell; Tumors, Germ Cell
SNOMED CT: Germ cell neoplasm (115233005); Germ cell tumor (402878003); Germ cell neoplasm (402878003); Germ cell tumor (28307001)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005040

Definition

A benign or malignant, gonadal or extragonadal neoplasm that originates from germ cells. Representative examples include teratoma, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, and yolk sac tumor. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVGerm cell tumor

Professional guidelines

PubMed

EANO, SNO and Euracan consensus review on the current management and future development of intracranial germ cell tumors in adolescents and young adults.
Frappaz D, Dhall G, Murray MJ, Goldman S, Faure Conter C, Allen J, Kortmann RD, Haas-Kogen D, Morana G, Finlay J, Nicholson JC, Bartels U, Souweidane M, Schönberger S, Vasiljevic A, Robertson P, Albanese A, Alapetite C, Czech T, Lau CC, Wen P, Schiff D, Shaw D, Calaminus G, Bouffet E
Neuro Oncol 2022 Apr 1;24(4):516-527. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab252. PMID: 34724065Free PMC Article
Central diabetes insipidus in children: Diagnosis and management.
Patti G, Ibba A, Morana G, Napoli F, Fava D, di Iorgi N, Maghnie M
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020 Sep;34(5):101440. Epub 2020 Jun 29 doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101440. PMID: 32646670
Palliative treatment of germ cell cancer.
Oing C, Giannatempo P, Honecker F, Oechsle K, Bokemeyer C, Beyer J
Cancer Treat Rev 2018 Dec;71:102-107. Epub 2018 Oct 22 doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.10.007. PMID: 30415106

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Cryptorchidism (Undescended Testicle).
Nguyen V, Ngo L, Jaqua EE
Am Fam Physician 2023 Oct;108(4):378-385. PMID: 37843945
Germ Cell Tumors of the Ovary: A Review.
Ramalingam P
Semin Diagn Pathol 2023 Jan;40(1):22-36. Epub 2022 Jul 29 doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2022.07.004. PMID: 36088223
EANO, SNO and Euracan consensus review on the current management and future development of intracranial germ cell tumors in adolescents and young adults.
Frappaz D, Dhall G, Murray MJ, Goldman S, Faure Conter C, Allen J, Kortmann RD, Haas-Kogen D, Morana G, Finlay J, Nicholson JC, Bartels U, Souweidane M, Schönberger S, Vasiljevic A, Robertson P, Albanese A, Alapetite C, Czech T, Lau CC, Wen P, Schiff D, Shaw D, Calaminus G, Bouffet E
Neuro Oncol 2022 Apr 1;24(4):516-527. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab252. PMID: 34724065Free PMC Article
Primary mediastinal germ cell tumors.
Rosti G, Secondino S, Necchi A, Fornarini G, Pedrazzoli P
Semin Oncol 2019 Apr;46(2):107-111. Epub 2019 Apr 24 doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2019.04.001. PMID: 31076171
Non-seminomatous mediastinal germ cell tumor and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.
Mukherjee S, Ibrahimi S, John S, Adnan MM, Scordino T, Khalil MO, Cherry M
Ann Hematol 2017 Sep;96(9):1435-1439. Epub 2017 Jun 3 doi: 10.1007/s00277-017-3037-3. PMID: 28578457

Diagnosis

Germ Cell Tumors of the Ovary: A Review.
Ramalingam P
Semin Diagn Pathol 2023 Jan;40(1):22-36. Epub 2022 Jul 29 doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2022.07.004. PMID: 36088223
Serum tumor markers and testicular germ cell tumors: a primer for radiologists.
Marshall C, Enzerra M, Rahnemai-Azar AA, Ramaiya NH
Abdom Radiol (NY) 2019 Mar;44(3):1083-1090. doi: 10.1007/s00261-018-1846-z. PMID: 30539249
MR Imaging-Pathologic Correlation in Ovarian Cancer.
Stein EB, Wasnik AP, Sciallis AP, Kamaya A, Maturen KE
Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2017 Aug;25(3):545-562. Epub 2017 Apr 29 doi: 10.1016/j.mric.2017.03.004. PMID: 28668159
Non-seminomatous mediastinal germ cell tumor and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.
Mukherjee S, Ibrahimi S, John S, Adnan MM, Scordino T, Khalil MO, Cherry M
Ann Hematol 2017 Sep;96(9):1435-1439. Epub 2017 Jun 3 doi: 10.1007/s00277-017-3037-3. PMID: 28578457
Management of CNS germinoma.
Osorio DS, Allen JC
CNS Oncol 2015;4(4):273-9. Epub 2015 Jun 29 doi: 10.2217/cns.15.13. PMID: 26118663Free PMC Article

Therapy

Surgery in Early Metastatic Seminoma: A Phase II Trial of Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Testicular Seminoma With Limited Retroperitoneal Lymphadenopathy.
Daneshmand S, Cary C, Masterson T, Einhorn L, Adra N, Boorjian SA, Kollmannsberger C, Schuckman A, So A, Black P, Bagrodia A, Skinner E, Alemozaffar M, Brand T, Eggener S, Pierorazio P, Stratton K, Nappi L, Nichols C, Luo C, Li M, Hu B
J Clin Oncol 2023 Jun 1;41(16):3009-3018. Epub 2023 Mar 13 doi: 10.1200/JCO.22.00624. PMID: 36913642
Pulmonary Metastasectomy for Germ Cell Tumors.
Farazdaghi A, Vaughn DJ, Singhal S
Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019 Dec 20;25(6):289-295. Epub 2019 Nov 13 doi: 10.5761/atcs.ra.19-00070. PMID: 31723083Free PMC Article
Palliative treatment of germ cell cancer.
Oing C, Giannatempo P, Honecker F, Oechsle K, Bokemeyer C, Beyer J
Cancer Treat Rev 2018 Dec;71:102-107. Epub 2018 Oct 22 doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.10.007. PMID: 30415106
TI-CE high-dose chemotherapy for patients with previously treated germ cell tumors: results and prognostic factor analysis.
Feldman DR, Sheinfeld J, Bajorin DF, Fischer P, Turkula S, Ishill N, Patil S, Bains M, Reich LM, Bosl GJ, Motzer RJ
J Clin Oncol 2010 Apr 1;28(10):1706-13. Epub 2010 Mar 1 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.25.1561. PMID: 20194867Free PMC Article
Long-term follow-up of a phase III study of three versus four cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin in favorable-prognosis germ-cell tumors: the Indian University experience.
Saxman SB, Finch D, Gonin R, Einhorn LH
J Clin Oncol 1998 Feb;16(2):702-6. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.2.702. PMID: 9469360

Prognosis

Causes of death among patients with testicular cancer during the survivorship.
Yang L, Song P, Wu X, Ma K, Liu Z, Zhou J, Dong Q
Eur J Surg Oncol 2023 Nov;49(11):107090. Epub 2023 Sep 27 doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.107090. PMID: 37837953
miRNAs for testicular germ cell tumours: Contemporary indications for diagnosis, surveillance and follow-up.
Chavarriaga J, Hamilton RJ
Andrology 2023 May;11(4):628-633. Epub 2022 Nov 22 doi: 10.1111/andr.13337. PMID: 36373757
Therapeutic approaches for refractory germ cell cancer.
Oing C, Seidel C, Bokemeyer C
Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018 Apr;18(4):389-397. Epub 2018 Mar 12 doi: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1450630. PMID: 29516750
Results of Pulmonary Resection: Sarcoma and Germ Cell Tumors.
Ceppa DP
Thorac Surg Clin 2016 Feb;26(1):49-54. doi: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2015.09.007. PMID: 26611510
Long-term follow-up of a phase III study of three versus four cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin in favorable-prognosis germ-cell tumors: the Indian University experience.
Saxman SB, Finch D, Gonin R, Einhorn LH
J Clin Oncol 1998 Feb;16(2):702-6. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.2.702. PMID: 9469360

Clinical prediction guides

Scrotal Masses.
Langan RC, Puente MEE
Am Fam Physician 2022 Aug;106(2):184-189. PMID: 35977130
Long-term toxicity of cisplatin in germ-cell tumor survivors.
Chovanec M, Abu Zaid M, Hanna N, El-Kouri N, Einhorn LH, Albany C
Ann Oncol 2017 Nov 1;28(11):2670-2679. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdx360. PMID: 29045502Free PMC Article
Testicular germ cell tumor genomics.
Woldu SL, Amatruda JF, Bagrodia A
Curr Opin Urol 2017 Jan;27(1):41-47. doi: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000000347. PMID: 27584029Free PMC Article
Germ cell tumors.
Hussain A
Curr Opin Oncol 2005 May;17(3):268-74. doi: 10.1097/01.cco.0000160750.33552.42. PMID: 15818173
Testicular cancer.
Oliver T, Mead G
Curr Opin Oncol 1993 May;5(3):559-67. doi: 10.1097/00001622-199305000-00018. PMID: 8388258

Recent systematic reviews

Per- and Poly-fluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Exposure and Risk of Kidney, Liver, and Testicular Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Seyyedsalehi MS, Boffetta P
Med Lav 2023 Oct 24;114(5):e2023040. doi: 10.23749/mdl.v114i5.15065. PMID: 37878255Free PMC Article
Long-term health outcomes of children born to mothers with hyperemesis gravidarum: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Nijsten K, Jansen LAW, Limpens J, Finken MJJ, Koot MH, Grooten IJ, Roseboom TJ, Painter RC
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022 Sep;227(3):414-429.e17. Epub 2022 Mar 30 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.03.052. PMID: 35367190
Skin cancer risk among testicular germ-cell cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Reiter O, Voss VB, Fluss R, Boyce LM, DeFazio JL, Halpern AC, Marghoob AA
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022 Jul;36(7):1025-1033. Epub 2022 Feb 9 doi: 10.1111/jdv.17932. PMID: 35034398Free PMC Article
Association Between Marijuana Use and Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Ghasemiesfe M, Barrow B, Leonard S, Keyhani S, Korenstein D
JAMA Netw Open 2019 Nov 1;2(11):e1916318. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.16318. PMID: 31774524Free PMC Article
Long-term toxicity of cisplatin in germ-cell tumor survivors.
Chovanec M, Abu Zaid M, Hanna N, El-Kouri N, Einhorn LH, Albany C
Ann Oncol 2017 Nov 1;28(11):2670-2679. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdx360. PMID: 29045502Free PMC Article

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